1. 在线零卖商通过配结伴伴线下退货twitter 反差

原标题：Offline Returns for Online Retailers via Partnership

国产自拍偷拍在线视频

期刊：Management Science

作家：Leela Nageswaran, Elina H. Hwang, Soo-Haeng Cho

出书时辰：2024-04-03

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2023.01291

摘抄：在线购物者世俗更可爱将物品退还给商店（即“线下退货”），而不是通过邮寄送还。咱们斟酌了一种新的贸易施行，即退货配结伴伴筹商，在这种筹商中，在线零卖商与实体店零卖商配合，提供线下退货处事。咱们试图找出退货配合何时对实体店和在线零卖商皆有益。主顾在购买时不错在在线渠谈和实体店之间遴荐，并决定是否退货，以及通过哪种渠谈送还在线购买的商品。咱们发现，提供互异化居品的实体店和在线零卖商有配合的动机，就像Everlane和Cost Plus World Market之间通过Happy Returns（一家连气儿在线零卖商和实体店零卖商的处事提供商）形成的退货配结伴伴筹商相似。在这种情况下，通过整合从商店送还商品的运载，在线零卖商从从简资本中获益，这些收益卓越了高退货率带来的亏蚀。咱们的斟酌标明，与起首的直观相悖，退货配结伴伴筹商也可能波及提供访佛居品的零卖商，就像亚马逊和Kohl's之间的情况相似。在这种情况下，线上客户转向线下退货确保了实体店零卖商配合的动机。但是，当线下退货的便利性促使更多的在线购物者退货时，就会摈弃在线零卖商的积极性。因此，咱们教导全球，在居品互异化有限的情况下，到店购物不应过于便利，以免形成配合筹商。

Abstract: Online shoppers often prefer to return items to stores (i.e., “offline return”) rather than mail them back. We study a new business practice, return partnership, wherein online retailers partner with store retailers to offer offline returns. We seek to identify when return partnerships benefit both the store and online retailers. Customers choose between the online and store channels for their purchase and decide whether, and through which channel, to return an online purchase if needed. We find that store and online retailers who offer differentiated products have incentives to partner, as in the case of the return partnership between Everlane and Cost Plus World Market (formed via Happy Returns—a service provider that connects online retailers with store retailers). In this case, the online retailer’s benefit from the cost savings achieved by consolidating shipments of returned items from stores outweighs the loss associated with a high return rate. We show that, contrary to initial intuition, return partnerships may also feature retailers who offer similar products, as in the case of Amazon-Kohl’s. In this case, online customers’ migration to offline returns ensures a store retailer’s incentive to partner. However, it limits the incentive of an online retailer when the added convenience of an offline return induces more returns of online purchases. Thus, we caution that with limited differentiation in product offerings, store visits should not be too convenient for a partnership to form.

2. 数字实质创作：保举系统的影响分析

原标题：Digital Content Creation: An Analysis of the Impact of Recommendation Systems

期刊：Management Science

作家：Kun Qian, Sanjay Jain

出书时辰：2024-03-05

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2022.03655

摘抄：YouTube等数字实质平台的得胜，既依赖于孤独实质创作家的创造力，也依赖于实质分发的效果。通过与实质创作家共享告白收入，这些平台不错激发创作家付出更大的勤劳。大大量平台使用保举系统向每个破钞者提供个性化的实质保举。由于创作家的收入取决于其需求，保举系统中的需求分拨圭臬不错影响其实质创作行动。在本文中，咱们斟酌了平台保举系统对收入共享贪图、实质创作、利润和福利的影响。咱们的斟酌终结显现，平台不错通过偏向保举受益，即保举与破钞者偏好不齐备匹配的实质，从而激发创作家创作更高质料的实质。咱们称之为偏向保举计谋。根由根由的是，咱们发现这种偏向保举计谋可能会导致一种双赢场所，即平台、破钞者和实质创作家皆能受益。咱们的斟酌还标明，当破钞者学问更丰富、对保举系统的依赖更少时，情况可能会更糟。此外，当平台领有更准确的破钞者偏好信息时，平台、破钞者和创作家皆不错受益。

Abstract: The success of digital content platforms, such as YouTube, relies on both the creativity of independent content creators and the efficiency of content distribution. By sharing advertising revenue with content creators, these platforms can motivate creators to exert greater effort. Most platforms use recommendation systems to deliver personalized content recommendations to each consumer. As creators’ revenues are contingent on their demand, the demand allocation criteria inherent in the recommendation system can influence their content creation behavior. In this paper, we investigate the influence of a platform’s recommendation system on revenue-sharing plans, content creation, profits, and welfare. Our results show that a platform could benefit by biasing recommendations, that is, recommending content that is not an ideal match to a consumer’s preference, to incentivize creators to produce better-quality content. We refer to this as a biased recommendation strategy. Interestingly, we find that such a biased recommendation strategy may lead to a win-win in which the platform, consumers, and content creators can benefit. Our study also shows that consumers may be worse off when they are more knowledgeable and less dependent on the recommendation system. In addition, the platform, consumers, and creators can benefit when the platform has more accurate information on consumer preferences.

3. 保举系统若何影响破钞者搜索行动：一项现场实验

原标题：How Recommendation Affects Customer Search: A Field Experiment

期刊：Information Systems Research

作家：Zhe Yuan, AJ Yuan Chen, Yitong Wang, Tianshu Sun

出书时辰：2024-03-04

DOI：10.1287/isre.2022.0294

摘抄：居品保举和搜索是电子商务平台匡助客户寻找居品的两个时刻中介渠谈。但是，这两个渠谈之间的筹商以及潜在的机制和对平台想象的影响尚不明晰。咱们在一个大型电商平台上愚弄一项立地现场实验，对555800名客户进行调查，斟酌居品保举若何影响客户搜索。咱们改变了用户在到达平台首页时体验到的保举的有关性，并发现保举有关性的裁汰会导致破钞者使用搜索渠谈显耀增多，标明两者在举座水平上存在（部分）替代效应。咱们发咫尺居品类别之间存在着十分大的异质性，提倡了一个观念性框架，并推测不同情景的客户需求——需求欢畅和需求形成——可能运转了这种异质性。终结与咱们的框架一致，并提供了把柄，标明需求形成和欢畅皆在保举和搜索之间的渠谈互动中起作用。具体而言，当客户在某一类别中收到更多的居品保举时，他们会使用通用的搜索词更多地在该类别中搜索，这标明了保举和搜索之间的互补性。但是，当客户在感趣味趣味的类别中收到较少的居品保举时，他们和会过长尾搜索词更多地在该类别中搜索，这标明了保举和搜索之间的替代筹商。这项实验斟酌是初次斟酌保举渠谈和搜索渠谈之间因果筹商的斟酌之一，并为电子商务平台的想象提供了启示。

Abstract: Product recommendation and search are two technology-mediated channels through which e-commerce platforms can help customers find products. However, the relationship between the two channels and the underlying mechanisms and implications for platform design are not well understood. We leverage a randomized field experiment with 555,800 customers on a large e-commerce platform to investigate how product recommendation affects customer search. We vary the relevance of the recommendation that users experience upon arriving at the home page of the platform and find that a decrease in recommendation relevance leads to a significant increase in consumers’ use of the search channel, indicating a (partial) substitution effect between the two at the aggregate level. We find substantial heterogeneity across product categories, propose a conceptual framework, and theorize how different states of customer demand—demand fulfillment and demand formation—may drive such heterogeneity. The results are aligned with our framework and provide evidence that both demand formation and fulfillment are at work in the channel interactions between recommendation and search. Specifically, when customers receive more product recommendations in a category, they search more in that category with generic query words, which indicates complementarity between recommendation and search. However, when customers receive fewer product recommendations in a category of interest, they compensate for this reduction by searching more in that category with long-tail query words, which indicates a substitution between recommendation and search. This experimental study is among the first to examine the causal relationship between the recommendation channel and search channel and offers implications for the design of e-commerce platforms.

4. 先验信息与破钞者搜索：来自眼动跟踪的把柄

原标题：Prior Information and Consumer Search: Evidence from Eye Tracking

期刊：Management Science

作家：Raluca Mihaela Ursu, Tülin Erdem, Qingliang Wang, Qianyun Zhang

出书时辰：2024-03-06

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2021.00611

摘抄：比起那些不练习的品牌，破钞者是否更通常地搜索已知品牌？在本文中，咱们尝试愚弄两个新特征的实验数据走动复这个问题：（i）对于破钞者先前品牌总共权、对每个品牌的练习进程以及先前使用不同居品特征教授的调查信息；（ii）以相等密致的水平捕捉搜索行动的眼动跟踪数据。咱们发现，破钞者世俗更有可能搜索和购买他们领有和练习的品牌，凸显了琢磨先验信息的遑急性。因此，咱们成立了一个搜索模子，允许搜索经过中得回的信息以及破钞者在搜索前领有的信息影响搜索和购买有策画。咱们的模子通过在贝叶斯学习框架内对品牌和属性水平上的搜索建模，为先前的斟酌作念出了孝敬。愚弄这个模子，咱们量化了先验信息抵破钞者遴荐的影响，并记载了在模子中短少先验信息时产生的测度偏差。终末，通过一系列反事实的实验，咱们探讨了先验信息数据的管束价值。

Abstract: Do consumers search the brands they know more or less frequently than the brands with which they are unfamiliar? In this paper, we attempt to answer this question using data from an experiment with two novel features: (i) survey information on consumers’ prior brand ownership, familiarity with each brand, and prior experience using different product features and (ii) eye-tracking data capturing search behavior at a very granular level. We find that consumers are generally more likely to search and buy brands they own and with which they are familiar, highlighting the importance of accounting for prior information. For this reason, we develop a search model in which both the information obtained during the search process and the information possessed by consumers prior to search are allowed to influence search and purchase decisions. Our model contributes to prior work by modeling search at the brand and attribute levels within a Bayesian learning framework. Using this model, we then quantify the impact of prior information on consumer choices as well as document the estimation bias arising when prior information is absent from the model. Finally, through a series of counterfactuals, we explore the managerial value of prior information data.

5. 在线商场中的时刻和去中介化

原标题：Technology and Disintermediation in Online Marketplaces

期刊：Management Science

作家：Grace Y. Gu

出书时辰：2024-01-22

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2021.02736

摘抄：跟着使在线走动变得愈加便利的通讯时刻的发展，在线双边商场中也出现了去中介化的风险增多——即卖家和买家绕过平台径直走动。这种去中介化可能会导致在线平台的首要收入亏蚀。但是，咫尺尚不明晰平台特征若何影响它们对去中介化的脆弱性。本斟酌愚弄中国大陆对Skype的闭塞看成当然实验，测验了在线通讯时刻若何影响好意思国一个大型在线目田行状者商场的去中介化和走动终结。终结显现，摈弃这种平台难以监控的替代通讯时刻，将去中介化减少了约18%。这种影响可能是由走动中的经济摩擦形成的，因为对于高走动资本的职责，如时辰明锐的职责、通讯密集型职责和高手段职责，以及对于资本明锐的用户，如教授丰富的用户和个东谈主用户，而不是企业用户，去中介化的减少幅度更大。有了这些终结，平台在进行投资和商场干与有策画时不错裁汰去中介化风险。

Abstract: With the development of communication technology that makes online transactions easier, there is also an increased risk of disintermediation—sellers and buyers circumventing a platform to transact directly—in online two-sided marketplaces. Such disintermediation may lead to significant revenue loss for online platforms. However, it remains unclear how the characteristics of platforms affect their vulnerability to disintermediation. Using the blockade of Skype in mainland China as a natural experiment, this study examines how online communication technologies affect disintermediation and transaction outcomes in a large U.S. online freelance marketplace. The results show that restricting this alternative communication technology, which platforms struggle to monitor, reduces disintermediation by around 18%. This effect is potentially due to economic frictions in transactions, as the reduction in disintermediation is greater for high-transaction-cost jobs, such as time-sensitive jobs, communication-intensive jobs, and high-skilled jobs, as well as for cost-sensitive users, such as experienced users and personal users as opposed to enterprise users. With these results, platforms can reduce disintermediation risks when making investment and market entry decisions.

6. 在线匹配平台的兼容性与信息分裂称

原标题：Compatibility and Information Asymmetry in Online Matching Platforms

期刊：Management Science

作家：Amit Basu, Sreekumar Bhaskaran, Rajiv Mukherjee

出书时辰：2024-01-16

DOI：10.1287/mnsc.2021.03807

摘抄：寻找贸易伙伴的公司和寻找终生伴侣的个东谈主除了寻找稳健的候选东谈主外，还面对着几个挑战。其中一个挑战是，候选东谈主在各式主不雅圭臬上与配对者的兼容性存在不细目性。另一个挑战是考据客不雅质料特征，绝顶是在在线环境中，凭证很容易被误会。在线匹配平台不错通过提供商榷处事来科罚这些挑战，匡助评估配对者的互相兼容性，并提供考据处事来考据配对者的天赋。通过一种简化模子，咱们发现，平台提供商榷和认证处事的有策画受到寻偶者行动的影响，这些行动是对平台的商榷智商、匹配商场的组成以及两项处事之间的互动的反应。这导致了平台的最优计谋并不阐述，以致可能违抗直观。举例，提供更好的商榷处事并不一定能为平台带来更高的收入。而且，当平台决定提供认证处事时，裁汰调查费可能是最好遴荐。咱们还发现，当平台的商榷智商一般时，升迁这种智商会增多认证的价值（即商榷和认证是互补的）；但是，当平台的商榷智商较高时，商榷和认证会成为替代品，因为基于认证将搜索范围安逸到仅基于认证的高价值候选者可能会排斥一些兼容的候选者。咱们的分析和终结为平台运营商提供了对于商榷和认证相对价值的珍摄观点，也为斟酌垂直和水平互异化商场匹配平台的斟酌东谈主员提供了指引。

Abstract: Firms seeking business partners and individuals seeking life partners face several challenges in addition to finding available candidates. One of these challenges is uncertainty about a candidate’s compatibility with the match-seeker on various subjective criteria. Another challenge is authentication of objective quality features, particularly in online settings where credentials can be easily misrepresented. Online matching platforms can address these challenges through counseling services that help assess mutual compatibility of match-seekers and authentication services to validate match-seekers’ credentials. Using a stylized model, we show that the platform’s decisions to offer counseling and authentication services are influenced by match-seeker behavior in response to factors such as the platform’s counseling capability, the composition of the matching market, and the interactions between the two services. This leads to optimal strategies for the platform that are not obvious and can even be counterintuitive. For instance, offering better counseling does not necessarily result in higher revenues for the platform. And it may be optimal for the platform to reduce its access fee when it decides to offer an authentication service. We also show that when the platform’s counseling capability is modest, an increase in this capability increases the value of authentication (i.e., counseling complements authentication); however, when the platform’s counseling capability is high, counseling and authentication become substitutes, because narrowing the search to only high-value candidates based on authentication can exclude some compatible candidates. Our analysis and results provide valuable insights for platform operators on the relative value of counseling and authentication, and for researchers studying matching platforms for vertically and horizontally differentiated markets.

7. 在线搜索与最优居品名次：一个教授框架

原标题：Online Search and Optimal Product Rankings: An Empirical Framework

期刊：Marketing Science

作家：Giovanni Compiani, Gregory Lewis, Sida Peng, Peichun Wang

出书时辰：2023-12-21

DOI：10.1287/mksc.2022.0071

摘抄：咱们斟酌了在线零卖平台在遴荐居品名次以最大化两个不同主见时所面对的问题：破钞者剩余和收入/利润。为此，咱们指定了魏茨曼规定搜索模子的一个版块，在这个模子中，搜索揭示了破钞者对居品的独特口味过火质料的垂直维度，并推导出了破钞者盈余和收入的苟简抒发式。为了优化破钞者剩余，平台应该通过延长“原始钻石”来促进居品发现，即在其提供的效能与破钞者根据搜索前信息预期的效能之间存在弘大差距的居品。比较之下，为了最大化静态收入，平台应该偏好高利润居品，这可能会在两个主见之间产生病笃筹商。咱们成立了可计算的算法来测度破钞者偏好和优假名次，并在后一种情况下提供了近似最优性保证。当咱们将咱们的行动应用于Expedia的数据时，咱们建议的最优化破钞者剩余名次相对于Expedia名次完毕了更高的破钞者剩余和更高的收入——提供了帕累托纠正——而且还优于按效能规定摆设居品的名次，这是直不雅的，但未能愚弄破钞者在搜索前所先见的信息。

Abstract: We study the problem faced by an online retail platform choosing product rankings in order to maximize two distinct goals: consumer surplus and revenues/profits. To this end, we specify a version of the Weitzman sequential search model in which search reveals a consumer’s idiosyncratic taste for the product as well as vertical dimensions of its quality, and we derive convenient expressions for consumer surplus and revenues. To optimize consumer surplus, platforms should facilitate product discovery by promoting “diamonds in the rough,” that is, products with a large gap between the utility they deliver and what consumers expect based on the presearch information. By contrast, to maximize static revenues, the platform should favor high-margin products, potentially creating a tension between the two objectives. We develop computationally tractable algorithms for estimating consumer preferences and optimizing rankings, and we provide approximate optimality guarantees in the latter case. When we apply our approach to data from Expedia, our suggested consumer surplus–optimizing ranking achieves both higher consumer surplus and higher revenues relative to the Expedia ranking—delivering a Pareto improvement—and also dominates ranking the products in order of utility, which is intuitive but fails to leverage information on what consumers know presearch.